In disturbed habitats (often along roadsides in logged forests, but also in scrub and burned forests) and open places of undisturbed mixed dipterocarp, freshwater swamp, lowland, lower montane and keranga forests up to 900 m altitude. Also found on ultramafic soils. An opportunist species that grows well and is characteristic of gaps in high forest, common in areas of old shifting cultivation and late secondary successional forests. Young trees may grow fast in string light.
Distribution in Singapore
Distribution worldwide
Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines
Flowering and fruiting
Flowers twice a year in Malaysia, between February and April, and August to October. Mature fruits present 2-3 months after flowering.
Dispersal
Biotic (Fauna)
Wildlife interactions
Light conditions
Full sun
Soil conditions
Water
Remarks
Additional references
Wang, K. H., & Hamzah, M. Z. (2019). Annual wood formation of tropical pioneer species related to stem diameters. Journal of wood science, 65(1), 1-12.
